Complete Works of Frances Burney Read online

  The Complete Works of

  FRANCES BURNEY

  (1752-1840)

  Contents

  The Novels

  EVELINA

  CECILIA

  CAMILLA

  THE WANDERER

  The Play

  THE WITLINGS

  The Non-Fiction

  BRIEF REFLECTIONS RELATIVE TO THE EMIGRANT FRENCH CLERGY

  MEMOIRS OF DOCTOR BURNEY

  The Diaries and Letters

  THE EARLY DIARY OF FRANCES BURNEY 1768–1778

  THE DIARY AND LETTERS OF MADAME D’ARBLAY

  DR. JOHNSON & FANNY BURNEY

  The Biographies

  FANNY BURNEY by Austin Dobson

  JUNIPER HALL by Constance Hill

  The Delphi Classics Catalogue

  © Delphi Classics 2015

  Version 1

  The Complete Works of

  FRANCES BURNEY

  By Delphi Classics, 2015

  COPYRIGHT

  Complete Works of Frances Burney

  First published in the United Kingdom in 2015 by Delphi Classics.

  © Delphi Classics, 2015.

  All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form other than that in which it is published.

  Delphi Classics

  is an imprint of

  Delphi Publishing Ltd

  Hastings, East Sussex

  United Kingdom

  Contact: [email protected]

  www.delphiclassics.com

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  The Novels

  Frances Burney was born in Lynn Regis, now King’s Lynn, Norfolk, on 13 June 1752.

  Burney as a young woman

  EVELINA

  OR, THE HISTORY OF A YOUNG LADY’S ENTRANCE INTO THE WORLD

  Evelina: Or the History of a Young Lady’s Entrance into the World was first published anonymously in England by Thomas Lowndes in 1778 when Burney was in her mid-twenties. She was apprehensive about being revealed as the writer of the novel and was angry when the painter and satirical poet George Huddesford exposed her as the author of the text in one of his poems. Burney went to significant lengths to disguise her authorship, including asking her older brother to pose as its writer in an attempt to get the work published. The novel received critical acclaim and the author’s own father read favourable reviews of Evelina before he was aware his daughter had written the novel. It is believed that he was mostly supportive of her work and the decision to publish the text once he discovered she was the author. He determined it was beneficial to the family name to have a child that was considered a talented and intelligent writer.

  Evelina is an epistolary novel centred on a young, naïve, and inexperienced seventeen-year-old girl, who has to learn how to navigate aristocratic 18th century London society. It opens with an exchange of letters between Evelina’s guardian, Reverend Villars, and his long-time friend, Lady Howard. The latter is concerned by the reappearance of Evelina’s grandmother from France and her intention to become acquainted with the girl. Evelina’s guardian has raised her in seclusion and is concerned about the influence of both Madame Duval and city life upon the girl. After the heroine arrives in London she encounters a plethora of colourful characters including her uncouth cousins, the louche and untrustworthy baronet Clement Willoughby, and the engaging, polite and intelligent Lord Orville.

  Evelina suffers from a series of social embarrassments due to her inexperience of high society life, while also trying to discover the truth about her father. Burney is keen to satirise the manners and behaviour of 18th century elite culture through her naïve protagonist. The author highlights the absurdities and hypocrisies present in the society, seeking to undermine the idea that birth is the determinant of morals or goodness.

  There is an episode in the novel where Evelina is attacked in a garden by a drunken man because she has wandered into a dark area, as well as other instances where she is the target of sexually aggressive behaviour. Burney underlines the difficulties and dangers confronting women in public spaces and the often coercive methods by which women were relegated to the private sphere.

  The first edition

  Title page of the second edition of the novel

  CONTENTS

  ORIGINAL INSCRIPTION: TO DR. BURNEY

  ORIGINAL DEDICATION.

  ORIGINAL PREFACE.

  LETTER I

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  LETTER XLI

  LETTER XLII

  LETTER XLIII

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  LETTER XLV

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  LETTER XLVII.

  LETTER XLVIII.

  LETTER XLIX.

  LETTER L.

  LETTER LI.

  LETTER LII.

  LETTER LIII.

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  LETTER LXXVIII.

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  LETTER LXXX.

  LETTER LXXXI.

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  LETTER LXXXIV.

>   The resort town of Hotwells, near Bristol — a key location in the novel

  ORIGINAL INSCRIPTION: TO DR. BURNEY

  Oh, Author of my being!-far more dear

  To me than light, than nourishment, or rest,

  Hygeia’s blessings, Rapture’s burning tear,

  Or the life-blood that mantles in my breast!

  If in my heart the love of Virtue glows,

  ‘T was planted there by an unerring rule;

  From thy example the pure flame arose,

  Thy life, my precept,-thy good works, my school.

  Could my weak pow’rs thy num’rous virtues trace,

  By filial love each fear should be repress’d,

  The blush of Incapacity I’d chace,

  And stand, Recorder of thy worth, confess’d:

  But since my niggard stars that gift refuse,

  Concealment is the only boon I claim;

  Obscure be still the unsuccessful Muse,

  Who cannot raise, but would not sink, thy fame.

  Oh! of my life at once the source and joy!

  If e’er thy eyes these feeble lines survey,

  Let not their folly their intent destroy;

  Accept the tribute-but forget the lay.

  ORIGINAL DEDICATION.

  TO THE AUTHORS OF THE MONTHLY AND CRITICAL REVIEWS.

  GENTLEMEN, The liberty which I take in addressing to you the trifling production of a few idle hours, will doubtless move your wonder, and probably your contempt. I will not, however, with the futility of apologies, intrude upon your time, but briefly acknowledge the motives of my temerity; lest, by a premature exercise of that patience which I hope will befriend me, I should lessen its benevolence, and be accessary to my own condemnation.

  Without name, without recommendation, and unknown alike to success and disgrace, to whom can I so properly apply for patronage, as to those who publicly profess themselves Inspectors of all literary performances?

  The extensive plan of your critical observations,-which, not confined to works of utility or ingenuity, is equally open to those of frivolous amusement,-and, yet worse than frivolous, dullness,-encourages me to seek for your protection, since,-perhaps for my sins!-it intitles me to your annotations. To resent, therefore, this offering, however insignificant, would ill become the universality of your undertaking; though not to despise it may, alas! be out of your power.

  The language of adulation, and the incense of flattery, though the natural inheritance, and constant resource, from time immemorial, of the Dedicator, to me offer nothing but the wistful regret that I dare not invoke their aid. Sinister views would be imputed to all I could say; since, thus situated, to extol your judgment, would seem the effect of art, and to celebrate your impartiality, be attributing to suspecting it.

  As magistrates of the press, and Censors for the public,-to which you are bound by the sacred ties of integrity to exert the most spirited impartiality, and to which your suffrages should carry the marks of pure, dauntless, irrefragable truth-to appeal to your MERCY, were to solicit your dishonour; and therefore,-though ’tis sweeter than frankincense,-more grateful to the senses than all the odorous perfumes of Arabia,-and though

  It droppeth like the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath,-

  I court it not! to your justice alone I am intitled, and by that I must abide. Your engagements are not to the supplicating authors; but to the candid public, which will not fail to crave

  The penalty and forfeit of your bond.

  No hackneyed writer, inured to abuse, and callous to criticism, here braves your severity;-neither does a half-starved garretteer,

  Oblig’d by hunger-and request of friends,-

  implore your lenity: your examination will be alike unbiassed by partiality and prejudice;-no refractory murmuring will follow your censure, no private interest will be gratified by your praise.

  Let not the anxious solicitude with which I recommend myself to your notice, expose me to your derision. Remember, Gentlemen, you were all young writers once, and the most experienced veteran of your corps may, by recollecting his first publication, renovate his first terrors, and learn to allow for mine. For though Courage is one of the noblest virtues of this nether sphere; and though scarcely more requisite in the field of battle, to guard the fighting hero from disgrace, than in the private commerce of the world, to ward off that littleness of soul which leads, by steps imperceptible, to all the base train of the inferior passions, and by which the too timid mind is betrayed into a servility derogatory to the dignity of human nature! yet is it a virtue of no necessity in a situation such as mine; a situation which removes, even from cowardice itself, the sting of ignominy;-for surely that courage may easily be dispensed with, which would rather excite disgust than admiration! Indeed, it is the peculiar privilege of an author, to rob terror of contempt, and pusillanimity of reproach.

  Here let me rest- and snatch myself, while I yet am able, from the fascination of EGOTISM:-a monster who has more votaries than ever did homage to the most popular deity of antiquity; and whose singular quality is, that while he excites a blind and involuntary adoration in almost every individual, his influence is universally disallowed, his power universally contemned, and his worship, even by his followers, never mentioned but with abhorence.

  In addressing you jointly, I mean but to mark the generous sentiments by which liberal criticism, to the utter annihilation of envy, jealousy, and all selfish views, ought to be distinguished.

  I have the honour to be,

  GENTLEMEN,

  Your most obedient

  Humble Servant,

  ORIGINAL PREFACE.

  IN the republic of letters, there is no member of such inferior rank, or who is so much disdained by his brethren of the quill, as the humble Novelist; nor is his fate less hard in the world at large, since, among the whole class of writers, perhaps not one can be named of which the votaries are more numerous but less respectable.

  Yet, while in the annals of those few of our predecessors, to whom this species of writing is indebted for being saved from contempt, and rescued from depravity, we can trace such names as Rousseau, Johnson,(1)Marivaux, Fielding, Richardson, and Smollett, no man need blush at starting from the same post, though many, nay, most men, may sigh at finding themselves distanced.

  The following letters are presented to the Public-for such, by novel writers, novel readers will be called,-with a very singular mixture of timidity and confidence, resulting from the peculiar situation of the editor; who, though trembling for their success from a consciousness of their imperfections, yet fears not being involved in their disgrace, while happily wrapped up in a mantle of impenetrable obscurity.

  To draw characters from nature, though not from life, and to mark the manners of the times, is the attempted plan of the following letters. For this purpose, a young female, educated in the most secluded retirement, makes, at the age of seventeen, her first appearance upon the great and busy stage of life; with a virtuous mind, a cultivated understanding, and a feeling heart, her ignorance of the forms, and inexperience in the manners of the world, occasion all the little incidents which these volumes record, and which form the natural progression of the life of a young woman of obscure birth, but conspicuous beauty, for the first six months after her Entrance into the world.

  Perhaps, were it possible to effect the total extirpation of novels, our young ladies in general, and boarding-school damsels in particular, might profit from their annihilation; but since the distemper they have spread seems incurable, since their contagion bids defiance to the medicine of advice or reprehension, and since they are found to baffle all the mental art of physic, save what is prescribed by the slow regimen of Time, and bitter diet of Experience; surely all attempts to contribute to the number of those which may be read, if not with advantage, at least without injury, ought rather to be encouraged than contemned.

  Let me, therefore, prepare for disappointment those who, in the perusal of these sh
eets, entertain the gentle expectation of being transported to the fantastic regions of Romance, where Fiction is coloured by all the gay tints of luxurious Imagination, where Reason is an outcast, and where the sublimity of the Marvellous rejects all aid from sober Probability. The heroine of these memoirs, young, artless, and inexperienced, is

  No faultless Monster that the world ne’er saw;

  but the offspring of Nature, and of Nature in her simplest attire.

  In all the Arts, the value of copies can only be proportioned to the scarcity of originals: among sculptors and painters, a fine statue, or a beautiful picture, of some great master, may deservedly employ the imitative talents of young and inferior artists, that their appropriation to one spot may not wholly prevent the more general expansion of their excellence; but, among authors, the reverse is the case, since the noblest productions of literature are almost equally attainable with the meanest. In books, therefore, imitation cannot be shunned too sedulously; for the very perfection of a model which is frequently seen, serves but more forcibly to mark the inferiority of a copy.

  To avoid what is common, without adopting what is unnatural, must limit the ambition of the vulgar herd of authors: however zealous, therefore, my veneration of the great writers I have mentioned, however I may feel myself enlightened by the knowledge of Johnson, charmed with the eloquence of Rousseau, softened by the pathetic powers of Richardson, and exhiliarated by the wit of Fielding and humour of Smollett, I yet presume not to attempt pursuing the same ground which they have tracked; whence, though they may have cleared the weeds, they have also culled the flowers; and, though they have rendered the path plain, they have left it barren.

  The candour of my readers I have not the impertinence to doubt, and to their indulgence I am sensible I have no claim; I have, therefore, only to intreat, that my own words may not pronounce my condemnation; and that what I have here ventured to say in regard to imitation, may be understood as it is meant, in a general sense, and not be imputed to an opinion of my own originality, which I have not the vanity, the folly, or the blindness, to entertain.